If you have permission to moderate posts, you will see all posts awaiting moderation from the "Moderate" page. You will only receive an email notification if the appropriate notifications have been enabled.
From the moderate page list, you can:
1. View the entire post.
2. Warn the user. This sends an email warning to the user who posted it. A popup will appear that allows you to enter your own warning, which the user will see in the warning email. The post will clear from the moderate page once a warning has been sent.
3. Ignore the post. If there's no action required, then you can simply ignore the post and it will clear from the moderate page.
4. Delete the post. This will completely remove the post from the associated discussion, and clear it from the moderate page.